Pendekatan Inkuiri Berorientasi Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Abad 21: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21154/jtii.v5i2.5019Keywords:
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD),, Keterampilan Abad 21, Pendekatan inkuiri, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Penelitian ini meninjau secara sistematis literatur tentang implementasi pendekatan inkuiri berorientasi Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) dalam pengembangan keterampilan abad ke-21. Dengan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) mengacu PRISMA 2020, teridentifikasi 21 artikel terbit tahun 2020–2025 dari Scopus dan Google Scholar. Temuan menunjukkan keterampilan yang paling konsisten dikaitkan ialah 4Cs (berpikir kritis, kolaborasi, komunikasi, kreativitas). Model yang paling efektif meliputi guided inquiry, problem-based learning, dan project-based inquiry yang dipadukan dengan isu keberlanjutan. Keberhasilan implementasi terutama didukung integrasi teknologi, asesmen autentik, dan kompetensi guru, sementara tantangan utama meliputi lemahnya integrasi ESD dalam dokumen pembelajaran, kesiapan guru, kesenjangan asesmen, serta konteks lokal yang belum banyak dieksplorasi. Kebaruan kajian ini terletak pada sintesis mutakhir 2020–2025 yang memetakan pola keterkaitan 4Cs dengan inkuiri serta ESD sekaligus menegaskan faktor pendorong, hambatan, dan celah riset lintas konteks. Temuan ini penting bagi pendidikan IPA karena inkuiri merepresentasikan praktik ilmiah, dan integrasi ESD membuat pembelajaran IPA lebih relevan untuk membangun literasi sains serta kompetensi keberlanjutan dalam menghadapi persoalan lingkungan dan sosial yang kompleks.
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